Use of Right Form of Verb

 

Right forms of verbs ৫০টি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ রুল

✪ Rule- 1.
Present Indefinite Tense এর subject যদি third person singular number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেষে s, es যোগ হবে। subject যদি plural number হয় তাহলে verb এর শেষে s/es যোগ হবে না।

যেমনঃ
He plays football.
She writes a letter.
They play football.

✪ Rule- 2.
Present indefinite Tense এর বাক্যের subject third person ও singular number হলেও বাক্যটি যদি negative হয় তাহলে তাতে does not ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং তখন verb এর সাথে s/es হয় না ।
যেমনঃ
He goes to market. (Affirmative)
He does not go to market. (Negative)

✪ Rule- 3.
Modal Auxiliary verb (Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, need, dare, have to etc.) এর পরে verb এর present form বসে এবং verb এর সাথে কোন কিছু যোগ হয় না।
যেমনঃ
He can do the work.
I shall go to University.
You should study attentively.
You must obey your parents.

✪ Rule- 4.
Sentence টি passive voice হলে এবং modal auxiliary verb (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would etc.) এর পরে verb এর past participle form বসে।
যেমনঃ
It can be done.
It can be written.
This problem can be solved.

✪ Rule- 5.
বাক্যটি যদি universal truth (চিরন্তন সত্য) হয় এবং অভ্যাসগত কাজ বোঝায় তাহলে present indefinite tense হবে।
যেমনঃ
The earth moves round the sun.
The sun rises in the east.

✪ Rule- 6.
Sentence এ yet, just, just now, recently, already, lately, ever ইত্যাদি থাকলে present perfect tense হবে।
যেমনঃ
I have seen him lately.
Have you ever been to Coxbazar?

✪ Rule- 7.
Simple Sentence এর দুটি verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।
যেমন: He saw the boy playing in the field.
I heard him speaking English.

✪ Rule- 8.
Had, rather, let, would better, had better, need not, do not, does not, did not, did never ইত্যাদি এর পর present form of verb বসে।
যেমন:
I had better go home.
I would rather die than beg.
I won’t let you go.

✪ Rule- 9.
Sentence এ yesterday, ago, ago, last year, last week, last month, that day, day before, ইত্যাদি থাকলে past indefinite tense হবে।

যেমনঃ
He came home yesterday
I went to Khulna last month.
He didn’t go to University yesterday.

✪ Rule- 10.
Mind, would you mind, Do you mind, could not help, cannot help এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।
যেমনঃ
Do you mind keeping the phone here?
(এখানে ফোনটি রাখলে তোমার অসুবিধা হবে কি ?)
Would you mind closing the door?.
(দরজাটি বন্ধ করলে আপনার সমস্যা হবে?)

✪ Rule- 11.
With a view to/look forward to, get used to এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হবে। যেমনঃ
I’m looking forward to seeing you
( আমি তোমার পথপানে তাকিয়ে আছি।)
I went shopping with a view to buying a mobile.

✪ Rule- 12.
Each, every, either, neither, everyone, everybody, everything, anybody, nobody, no one, nothing, anything ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর singular number ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেমনঃ
Each of the students was present.
One of the robbers was very clever.
Neither of the two brothers was present in the class.

Rule- 13.
ব্র্যাকেটে (be) থাকলে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/was/were/been হবে। যেমনঃ

Allah (be) everywhere.
Allah is everywhere.

It (be) ten years ago.
It was ten years ago.

One of my friends (be) an Polite person.
One of my friends is/was an Polite person.

✪ Rule- 14.
বই/দেশের নাম দেখতে plural হলেও তাদের পরে singular verb বসে ।

যেমনঃ
“The hundreds” is a famous book.
(“দা হানড্রেডস” একটি বিখ্যাত বই।)
The United States of America is a rich country.
(যুক্তরাষ্ট্র একটি ধনী দেশ।)

✪ Rule- 15.
কোন Sentence যদি Gerund দ্বারা শুরু হয়, Subject এর স্থানে Verb থাকে তবে সেক্ষেত্রে অবশ্যই Verb+ing যুক্ত হবে।

যেমনঃ
Walking is a good exercise.
(হাটা খুব ভাল ব্যয়াম।)

Helping the poor is a quality of an honest guy
(দরিদ্রকে সাহায্য করা একজন সৎ লোকের গুণ)

Being honest is a great virtues
(সৎ হওয়া একটা মহৎ গুণ)

✪ Rule- 16.
Sentence এ যদি now বা at this moment থাকে, তাহলে Verb এর Present Continuous Tense হয় ।
যেমনঃ
The boy is coming now.
We are eating now.
They are playing in the field at this moment.

✪ Rule- 17.
Always, often, regularly, sometimes, daily, everyday ইত্যাদি থাকে (এক্ষেত্রে যদি সময়ের উল্লেখ না থাকে), তবে present indefinite tense হবে।
যেমনঃ
Tipu always disturbs me.
He prepares his assignment regularly.

✪ Rule- 18.
Sentence এর শুরুতে যদি would that থাকে তাহলে subject এর পর could বসে এবং এরপর verb এর present form বসে।

যেমনঃ
Would that I could be a writer like William Shakespeare.
Would that I could buy a samsung smartphone.
Would that I could visit Sent martin!

✪ Rule- 19.
Adjective এর আগে the বসলে subject টি plural হয় এবং সেই অনুযায়ী verb বসে।

যেমনঃ
The rich are not always happy.
The poor live from hand to mouth.

✪ Rule- 20.
To এর পরে সাধারণতঃ verb এর present form বসে।
যেমনঃ
You need to go there in time.
I will go to market to buy a mobile.

✪ Rule- 21.
As if, as though দ্বারা দুইটি clause যুক্ত হলে প্রথম clause টির verb present tense এর হলেও পরবর্তী clause টির verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।

যেমন: He talks as if he were (was নয়) fool – সে বোকার মত কথা বলে।
The Man behaves as if he owned the property – লোকটির হাবভাব দেখে মনে হয় সে যেন এই সম্পত্তির মালিক।

✪ Rule- 22.
Since বা for এর পর সময়ের উল্লেখ থাকলে সেটি present perfect continuous tense হবে।
যেমন:
He has been playing cricket since morning.
They have been waiting for 2 hours.

✪ Rule- 23.
যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would/could/might বসে এবং verb এর present form হয়।

• If he came, I would go to the market.
• If I were rich enough, I would go to America.

যদি had/if যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং verb এর past participle form হয়। যেমন: If he had come, I would have gone home.

✪ Rule- 24.
একই দৈর্ঘ্য, পরিমাণ বা স্থান বুঝালে subject দেখতে plural হলেও verb singular হয় । যেমন:
> 40 miles is a long way- ৪০ মাইল দীর্ঘ পথ
> 10 Minutes is enough to explain this topic
(এই বিষয়টি ব্যাখ্যা করবার জন্য ১০ মিনিট সময়ই যথেষ্ট)
> 6,000 Taka is enough to buy a new mobile
(একটি নতুন মোবাইল ফোন কিনতে 6,000 টাকাই যথেষ্ট)

 

✪ Rule- 25.
Wish/fancy/it is time/it is high time ইত্যাদি থাকলে verb এর past tense হবে।

যেমন:
I wish I won the game.
It is high time you changed your bad habits.

✪ Rule- 26.
While এর পর verb থাকলে সেটির সাথে ing যোগ হয়। কিন্তু while এর পর subject থাকলে এর অংশটি past continuous tense হয়।

• While it was raining, I was watching TV.
• While taking dinner, he received the phone.

✪ Rule- 27.
বর্তমানে কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়েছে এরুপ অনুমান বুঝালে তখন verb এর future perfect tense হবে,
Subject + shall/will + have + verb (past participle)

যেমন:
Ruhi will have reached New Market by this time.
– রুহী হয়ত (নিশ্চিত অনুমান) এতক্ষনে নিউমার্কেট পৌছে গেছে

লক্ষনীয় বিষয়ঃ এখানে Verb এর future perfect tense ব্যবহার হল। তার মানে এই নয় যে, কাজটি future এর। বরং, রুল অনুযায়ী বাক্যে অনুমান প্রকাশ পাচ্ছে এরুপ ক্ষেত্রে future perfect tense দ্বারা বর্তমানকে বুঝাতে পারে।

✪ Rule- 28.
If দ্বারা যুক্ত clause টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি future indefinite tense হবে।

• If he comes, I’ll go.
• If you want it, I’ll buy.

✪ Rule- 29.
By এর পর verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হবে।

• You can solve it by trying more.
• You can enjoy the game by watching TV.

✪ Rule- 30.
বাক্যে have/has থাকলে সেটি present perfect tense হবে।

• He has a lot of money.
• They have gone there.

✪ Rule- 31.
For, of, in, without, with, before, after ইত্যাদি preposition এর পরে verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।

• You can’t go to office without taking permission.

✪ Rule- 32.
বর্তমান কালে চলছে এমন কোন কাজ বোঝালে present continuous tense হয়।

• He is watching the game at the stadium.
• They are playing cricket.

✪ Rule- 33.
কোন sentence যদি there দ্বারা শুরু হয় এবং তারপর singular number থাকে তবে there এর singular verb হয়, আরা যদি there এর পর plural number থাকে তবে plural verb হয়।

যেমন:
There is a mosque in this village.
There are deer in this jungle.

✪ Rule- 34.
Main clause এর verb টি past tense হলে ও পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে subject এর পরে should/would বসে। যেমন: He told that he would come here the next year.

✪ Rule- 35.
দুইয়ের অধিক pronoun/subject and দিয়ে যুক্ত হলে plural verb হয়।
যেমনঃ You, he and I are going to the market.

✪ Rule- 36.
Interrogative sentence এর যদি who, why, what, which, when ইত্যাদি question word দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে subject এর আগে tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
যেমন:
What you (say)?
Ans: What do you say?

Why he (learn) English?
Ans: Why does he learn English?

✪ Rule- 37.
since দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since এর আগের অংশ present indefinite/present perfect tense হলে পরের অংশ verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।

যেমন: It is many years since he came to Dhaka.

✪ Rule- 38.
since দ্বারা clause যুক্ত থাকলে এবং since এর আগে clause বা বাক্যের অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ verb এর past perfect tense হয়।
যেমন: Many years passed since I had lost my camera.

✪ Rule- 39.
কোন sentence এর subject singular number হলে verb singular হয় এবং subject plural number হলে verb plural হয়।

যেমন: He is a good guy.
They are playing football.

✪ Rule- 40.
কোন sentence যদি it দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তার পরবর্তী verb singular number হবে।

যেমন: It (to be) very easy to do.
Ans: It is very easy to do.

✪ Rule- 41.
Passive voice এর সময় tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb ও verb এর past participle form বসে।

• English is spoken all over the world.
• We are taught English by online.

✪ Rule- 42.
Lest দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত থাকলে, Lest এর পরবর্তী subject এর সাথে Auxiliary verb should/might বসে

যেমন: Read attentively lest you should fail in the exam.

✪ Rule- 43.
Each, any, no, some এসব শব্দের পরে singular noun ‍থাকলে Auxiliary Verbও singular হবে।

যেমন:Each and everyone has the right to say this.

✪ Rule- 44.
After এর পরের এবং before এর আগের clause টি past perfect tense হবে এবং অন্য clause টি past indefinite tense হবে।

যেমন: The bus had left the station before we reached.

✪ Rule- 45.
একাধিক subject “and” দিয়ে যুক্ত হলে plural verb হয়।
যেমনঃShe and he are siblings.  Tomal and Tarek are good friends.

✪ Rule- 46.
Uncountable noun (Oxygen, air, water, milk, smoke) ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে singular verb হয়।

যেমনঃ Milk is good for health.
Water is very important for life.

✪ Rule- 47.
Verb “to be” বিহীন sentence কে Negative করতে হলে Tense ও subject এর Number ও person অনুসারে Do, does, did ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
যেমনঃ We not (play) cricket
Ans: We don’t play cricket

✪ Rule- 48.
বাক্যে have/has থাকলে সেটি present perfect tense হবে।

I have finished the word.He has done the work.

✪ Rule- 49.
Having এর পরে মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
যেমনঃHaving learnt Computer I will go to America

✪ Rule- 50.
“To be” verb (am, is, are, was were) ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive voice এর ক্ষেত্রে verb এর past participle হয়।
যেমনঃ The laptop was stolen by thief.